In recent years, weight loss medications have gained significant popularity, particularly as obesity rates continue to climb and people look for effective tools to manage their health. While lifestyle changes like diet and exercise remain the cornerstone of weight loss, medications can offer crucial support for individuals who struggle to lose weight through traditional methods alone.
Some of the most common and widely prescribed weight loss medications, how they work, and what to consider before starting them.
Semaglutide is currently one of the most talked-about medications in the weight loss world. Originally developed to manage type 2 diabetes (sold as Ozempic), it’s now approved under the name Wegovy specifically for weight loss.
How it works: Semaglutide mimics a hormone called GLP-1, which targets areas of the brain that regulate appetite and food intake. It slows gastric emptying and helps you feel fuller for longer.
Effectiveness: Clinical trials show an average weight loss of 15-20% of body weight when combined with lifestyle changes.
Side effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation are common, especially when first starting. Rare but serious risks include pancreatitis and gallbladder issues.
Liraglutide, another GLP-1 receptor agonist like semaglutide, is also used for both diabetes and weight loss.
How it works: It functions similarly by suppressing appetite and slowing stomach emptying.
Effectiveness: Average weight loss is around 5-10% of body weight. While less potent than semaglutide, it’s still considered effective for many patients.
Side effects: Similar to semaglutide, including nausea and gastrointestinal discomfort.
This combination medication brings together phentermine, a stimulant that suppresses appetite, and topiramate, a drug used for seizures and migraines that also helps with weight loss.
How it works: Phentermine reduces appetite by increasing neurotransmitter activity in the brain. Topiramate enhances feelings of fullness and reduces cravings.
Effectiveness: Patients may lose 5-15% of their body weight.
Side effects: Dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness, and tingling sensations are common. It’s not suitable for people with certain heart conditions or those who are pregnant.
Contrave combines bupropion (an antidepressant also used for smoking cessation) and naltrexone (used to treat alcohol and opioid dependence).
How it works: This combo targets two areas of the brain involved in hunger and reward, reducing appetite and food cravings.
Effectiveness: Average weight loss ranges from 5-10% of body weight.
Side effects: Nausea, constipation, headache, and increased blood pressure. Not recommended for those with uncontrolled hypertension or seizure disorders.
Weight loss medications can be incredibly helpful tools, especially for those with obesity or weight-related health issues like diabetes, sleep apnea, or high blood pressure. However, they’re not magic pills. These drugs work best when paired with healthy eating, regular physical activity, and behavioral support.
Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any weight loss medication. They can help determine which option is best based on your medical history, current medications, and weight loss goals.
Remember: sustainable weight loss is a journey, not a race. Whether through medication, lifestyle change, or both, what matters most is finding an approach that works for you long term.